ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ᠌ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ 1818 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠶ
ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠣᠨᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠱᠢᠩᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃
ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠌ᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠍᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠬᠢ 《ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤᠨ》 ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃
ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠣᠱᠢᠭᠤᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠋ᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨᠦ ᠲᠥᠪᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠱᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ᠌ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠌ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠍᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ 《ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠍》᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠢ 《ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠍》᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠥᠬᠡᠶᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠍᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠱᠢᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠋ᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨᠦ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠱᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠱᠢᠭᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭ᠌ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ᠌ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠍ᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠭ᠌ᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ》 ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠶᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌᠂ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠴᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠴᠡᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠍ ᠦᠨᠡᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸ᠋ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠠᠳᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠦᠶ᠋ᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠱᠢᠭᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭ᠌ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠍᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠬᠥᠭ᠌ᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠌ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠢᠠ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠮᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠴᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠭ᠍ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠶᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠦᠨ 《ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ᠌ᠲᠦ》 ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠌ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠵᠠᠭ᠍ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ》 ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠢᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠱᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠍᠂ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠌ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠣᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠ + ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ》 ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭ᠍ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠱᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠌ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠌ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠌ᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠣᠳᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨᠳᠦ 《ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ》ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ 《ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ》ᠢ᠋ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ 《ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ》ᠵᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ 1818 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ 《ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠧᠩᠴᠢᠶᠣᠤ》ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠴᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤᠡᠴᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠣᠳᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ + ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ》 ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 《ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ + ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ》ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠡᠴᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠶᠢᠨ 《ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ》 ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤᠡᠴᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠦ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 《ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩ》᠂ 《ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ》 ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠶᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠭᠣᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩᠢ ᠶᠠᠬ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃